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1 машиностроение
1) General subject: machinery, mechanic engineering, engineering, mechanical engineering, machinery manufacturing2) Engineering: machine building, machine industry, machine-building, machine-building industry, manufacturing engineering3) Railway term: engine building4) Economy: machinery-producing industry, metal fabrication5) Diplomatic term: engineering industries6) Mechanic engineering: millwrighting7) Mechanics: machine construction8) Advertising: mechanical industry9) Business: engineering industry10) Education: machine engineering11) Automation: engineering manufacture, machine (building) industry, mechanical engineering industry12) Makarov: machine manufacturing -
2 машиностроение
machine construction, manufacturing engineering, mechanical engineering, engineering, engineering industry, machine industry, mechanical engineering industry, engineering manufactureРусско-английский исловарь по машиностроению и автоматизации производства > машиностроение
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3 машиностроительная промышленность
1) General subject: engineering industry2) Engineering: machine industry, machine-building industry3) British English: engineering4) Economy: mechanical engineering industryУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > машиностроительная промышленность
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4 Maschinenbauindustrie
f < masch> ■ mechanical engineering industry; machine-building industry -
5 машиностроение
mechanical engineering; machine-building, machinery construction; engineering industry* * ** * *mechanical engineering; machine-building* * * -
6 технология машиностроения
Бизнес, юриспруденция. Русско-английский словарь > технология машиностроения
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7 mécanique
c black mécanique [mekanik]1. adjectivemechanical ; [jouet] clockwork• avoir des ennuis mécaniques (sur voiture) to have engine trouble ; (sur avion) to have mechanical problems2. feminine nouna. ( = activité, discipline) mechanical engineering ; ( = système) mechanics sgc black b. ( = mécanisme) c'est une belle mécanique this car is a fine piece of engineering━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━✎ Le mot anglais s'écrit avec un h.* * *mekanik
1.
1) ( manuel) [hachoir, tondeuse] hand (épith); [jouet] clockwork (épith)2) ( doté d'une machine) mechanical3) ( fait à la machine) machine (épith)4) ( de machine) [panne] mechanical5) Physique mechanical6) ( irréfléchi) [geste] mechanical; [rire] empty
2.
1) ( discipline) mechanics (+ v sg)2) ( fonctionnement) mechanics (pl)3) (colloq) (machine, véhicule) machine* * *mekanik1. adj2. nf1) (= science) mechanics sg2) (= technologie) engineering3) (= mécanisme) (= ensemble des pièces) mechanism* * *A adj1 ( manuel) [hachoir, tondeuse] hand ( épith); [machine à écrire] manual; [montre, petite voiture] wind-up ( épith); [jouet, train] clockwork ( épith), wind-up ( épith);2 Mécan ( doté d'une machine) mechanical; appareil/excavatrice mécanique mechanical equipment/excavator;3 Agric, Ind ( fait à la machine) machine ( épith); fil/tissage/séchage mécanique machine yarn/weaving/drying; traite/tonte mécanique machine milking/shearing;4 Mécan ( de machine) [ennui, panne] mechanical; défaillance mécanique mechanical failure; se déplacer de façon mécanique to move mechanically; pièce mécanique machine part; construction mécanique mechanical engineering; industrie mécanique engineering industry;5 Phys mechanical; lois mécaniques laws of mechanics;6 ( non chimique) méthodes mécaniques de contraception barrier methods of contraception;B nf1 Mécan ( science) mechanics (+ v sg); un génie de la mécanique a mechanical genius; un terme de mécanique a mechanical term; avoir le sens de la mécanique to be mechanically-minded; une merveille de mécanique a marvel of engineering;2 Phys mechanics (+ v sg);3 ( fonctionnement) mechanics (pl); la mécanique d'une campagne électorale the mechanics of running a campaign; la mécanique de la gestion the mechanics of management;4 ○( machine) machine; c'est une belle mécanique ta moto your motorbike is a fine machine.mécanique des fluides fluid mechanics (+ v sg); mécanique ondulatoire wave mechanics (+ v sg); mécanique quantique quantum mechanics (+ v sg); mécanique des sols soil mechanics (+ v sg).[mekanik] adjectif1. SCIENCES [loi] mechanical2. [non manuel - tapis, tissage] machine-made ; [ - abattage, remblayage] mechanical, machine (modificateur)3. [non électrique, non électronique - commande] mechanical ; [ - jouet] clockwork ; [ - montre] wind-up4. [du moteur] engine (modificateur)nous avons eu un incident mécanique ou des ennuis mécaniques en venant we had engine trouble on the way here5. [machinal] mechanical————————[mekanik] nom fémininmécanique quantique/relativiste quantum/relativistic mechanics3. [machine] piece of machinery[dispositif] mechanismmarcher ou tourner comme une mécanique bien huilée to work like a well-oiled machineune belle mécanique [moto, voiture] a fine piece of engineering -
8 ingeniería
f.engineering.* * *1 engineering* * *noun f.* * *SF engineeringingeniería de sistemas — (Inform) systems engineering
* * *femenino engineering* * *= engineering, engineering science.Ex. For example, a book on Bridges should be entered under Bridges and not under a broader heading such as engineering, nor doubly under both headings.Ex. The primary focus of the journal is on stochastic modelling in the physical and engineering sciences.----* creado por la ingeniería genética = genetically engineered.* industria de la ingeniería eléctrica, la = electrical engineering industry, the.* industria de la ingeniería química, la = chemical engineering industry, the.* ingeniería aeroespacial = aerospace engineering.* ingeniería agrónoma = agricultural engineering.* ingeniería biológica = bioengineering.* ingeniería civil = civil engineering.* ingeniería computacional = computer engineering.* ingeniería de aviación = aviation engineering.* ingeniería de caminos = civil engineering.* ingeniería de canales = canal engineering.* ingeniería de control = control engineering.* ingeniería de la construcción = construction engineering.* ingeniería del automóvil = automotive engineering, car engineering.* ingeniería del conocimiento = knowledge engineering.* ingeniería de minas = mining engineering.* ingeniería de software = software engineering.* ingeniería eléctrica = electrical engineering.* ingeniería electrónica = electronic engineering.* ingeniería forense = forensic engineering.* ingeniería forestal = forestry.* ingeniería genética = genetic engineering.* ingeniería informática = computer engineering.* ingeniería marina = marine engineering.* ingeniería mecánica = mechanical engineering.* ingeniería minera = mining engineering.* ingeniería municipal = municipal engineering.* ingeniería nuclear = nuclear engineering.* ingeniería química = chemical engineering.* ingeniería sanitaria = sanitary engineering.* * *femenino engineering* * *= engineering, engineering science.Ex: For example, a book on Bridges should be entered under Bridges and not under a broader heading such as engineering, nor doubly under both headings.
Ex: The primary focus of the journal is on stochastic modelling in the physical and engineering sciences.* creado por la ingeniería genética = genetically engineered.* industria de la ingeniería eléctrica, la = electrical engineering industry, the.* industria de la ingeniería química, la = chemical engineering industry, the.* ingeniería aeroespacial = aerospace engineering.* ingeniería agrónoma = agricultural engineering.* ingeniería biológica = bioengineering.* ingeniería civil = civil engineering.* ingeniería computacional = computer engineering.* ingeniería de aviación = aviation engineering.* ingeniería de caminos = civil engineering.* ingeniería de canales = canal engineering.* ingeniería de control = control engineering.* ingeniería de la construcción = construction engineering.* ingeniería del automóvil = automotive engineering, car engineering.* ingeniería del conocimiento = knowledge engineering.* ingeniería de minas = mining engineering.* ingeniería de software = software engineering.* ingeniería eléctrica = electrical engineering.* ingeniería electrónica = electronic engineering.* ingeniería forense = forensic engineering.* ingeniería forestal = forestry.* ingeniería genética = genetic engineering.* ingeniería informática = computer engineering.* ingeniería marina = marine engineering.* ingeniería mecánica = mechanical engineering.* ingeniería minera = mining engineering.* ingeniería municipal = municipal engineering.* ingeniería nuclear = nuclear engineering.* ingeniería química = chemical engineering.* ingeniería sanitaria = sanitary engineering.* * *engineeringCompuestos:agricultural engineeringbioengineeringcivil engineeringprecision engineeringsystems engineeringsoftware engineeringelectrical engineeringelectronic engineeringgenetic engineeringindustrial engineeringmechanical engineering* * *
ingeniería sustantivo femenino
engineering;
ingeniería sustantivo femenino engineering
ingeniería genética, genetic engineering
' ingeniería' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
aeronáutica
- aeronáutico
- eminencia
English:
electrical engineering
- engineering
- genetic engineering
* * *ingeniería nfengineering;Figuna obra de ingeniería a major operationingeniería civil civil engineering;ingeniería financiera financial engineering;ingeniería genética genetic engineering;ingeniería industrial industrial engineering;ingeniería naval marine engineering;ingeniería de sistemas system(s) engineering;ingeniería social social engineering* * *f engineering* * *ingeniería nf: engineering* * *ingeniería n engineering -
9 meccanico
(pl -ci) 1. adj mechanical2. m mechanic* * *meccanico agg. mechanical (anche fig.): energia meccanica, mechanical energy; ingegneria meccanica, mechanical engineering; lavoro meccanico, mechanical work (anche fig.); movimenti meccanici, mechanical movements (anche fig.); stampa meccanica, power press; (tess.) telaio meccanico, power loom // uomo meccanico, robot◆ s.m. mechanic; (tecnico) engineer; (mar.) engine-room artificer; portare l'auto dal meccanico, to take the car to the garage (o the mechanic); meccanico dentista, dental mechanic.* * *[mek'kaniko] meccanico -a, -ci, -che1. agg(anche), fig mechanical2. sm* * *1.pl. -ci, -che [mek'kaniko, tʃi, ke] aggettivo1) (mosso da un congegno) mechanical; [ giocattolo] mechanical, clockwork2) (fatto a macchina) machine attrib.3) (di macchina) [difetto, guasto] mechanical4) fis. ing.5) (automatico) [gesto, lavoro] mechanical, automatic2.* * *meccanicopl. -ci, -che /mek'kaniko, t∫i, ke/1 (mosso da un congegno) mechanical; [ giocattolo] mechanical, clockwork2 (fatto a macchina) machine attrib.3 (di macchina) [difetto, guasto] mechanical; problemi -ci engine trouble4 fis. ing. ingegneria -a mechanical engineering; industria -a engineering (industry); officina -a machine shop5 (automatico) [gesto, lavoro] mechanical, automatic⇒ 18 (f. -a) (per auto) (garage) mechanic, motor mechanic; (in fabbrica) engineer. -
10 машиностроение
machine building, engineering, manufacturing [mechanical] engineering, machine(-building) industry* * *машинострое́ние с.
machine building, machine manufacturing, mechanical engineering, engineering industryсельскохозя́йственное машинострое́ние — agricultural machinery industryтяжё́лое машинострое́ние — basic [heavy] engineering industryэнергети́ческое машинострое́ние — power engineering industry* * * -
11 Whitworth, Sir Joseph
[br]b. 21 December 1803 Stockport, Cheshire, Englandd. 22 January 1887 Monte Carlo, Monaco[br]English mechanical engineer and pioneer of precision measurement.[br]Joseph Whitworth received his early education in a school kept by his father, but from the age of 12 he attended a school near Leeds. At 14 he joined his uncle's mill near Ambergate, Derbyshire, to learn the business of cotton spinning. In the four years he spent there he realized that he was more interested in the machinery than in managing a cotton mill. In 1821 he obtained employment as a mechanic with Crighton \& Co., Manchester. In 1825 he moved to London and worked for Henry Maudslay and later for the Holtzapffels and Joseph Clement. After these years spent gaining experience, he returned to Manchester in 1833 and set up in a small workshop under a sign "Joseph Whitworth, Tool Maker, from London".The business expanded steadily and the firm made machine tools of all types and other engineering products including steam engines. From 1834 Whitworth obtained many patents in the fields of machine tools, textile and knitting machinery and road-sweeping machines. By 1851 the company was generally regarded as the leading manufacturer of machine tools in the country. Whitworth was a pioneer of precise measurement and demonstrated the fundamental mode of producing a true plane by making surface plates in sets of three. He advocated the use of the decimal system and made use of limit gauges, and he established a standard screw thread which was adopted as the national standard. In 1853 Whitworth visited America as a member of a Royal Commission and reported on American industry. At the time of the Crimean War in 1854 he was asked to provide machinery for manufacturing rifles and this led him to design an improved rifle of his own. Although tests in 1857 showed this to be much superior to all others, it was not adopted by the War Office. Whitworth's experiments with small arms led on to the construction of big guns and projectiles. To improve the quality of the steel used for these guns, he subjected the molten metal to pressure during its solidification, this fluid-compressed steel being then known as "Whitworth steel".In 1868 Whitworth established thirty annual scholarships for engineering students. After his death his executors permanently endowed the Whitworth Scholarships and distributed his estate of nearly half a million pounds to various educational and charitable institutions. Whitworth was elected an Associate of the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1841 and a Member in 1848 and served on its Council for many years. He was elected a Member of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in 1847, the year of its foundation.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsBaronet 1869. FRS 1857. President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers 1856, 1857 and 1866. Hon. LLD Trinity College, Dublin, 1863. Hon. DCL Oxford University 1868. Member of the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers 1864. Légion d'honneur 1868. Society of Arts Albert Medal 1868.Bibliography1858, Miscellaneous Papers on Mechanical Subjects, London; 1873, Miscellaneous Papers on Practical Subjects: Guns and Steel, London (both are collections of his papers to technical societies).1854, with G.Wallis, The Industry of the United States in Machinery, Manufactures, andUseful and Ornamental Arts, London.Further ReadingF.C.Lea, 1946, A Pioneer of Mechanical Engineering: Sir Joseph Whitworth, London (a short biographical account).A.E.Musson, 1963, "Joseph Whitworth: toolmaker and manufacturer", Engineering Heritage, Vol. 1, London, 124–9 (a short biography).D.J.Jeremy (ed.), 1984–6, Dictionary of Business Biography, Vol. 5, London, 797–802 (a short biography).W.Steeds, 1969, A History of Machine Tools 1700–1910, Oxford (describes Whitworth's machine tools).RTS -
12 машиностроене
(наука) mechanical engineering(промишленост) machine-building, machinery construction* * *машиностроѐне,ср., само ед. ( наука) mechanical engineering; ( промишленост) engineering industry, machine-building, machinery construction; тежко \машиностроене heavy engineering industry.* * *engineering; machine-building* * *1. (наука) mechanical engineering 2. (промишленост) machine-building, machinery construction -
13 metalmeccanico
metalmeccanico agg. engineering (attr.), metal and mechanical (attr.): industria metalmeccanica, engineering industry; lavoratore metalmeccanico, metal (o engineering) worker◆ s.m. metalworker: sciopero dei metalmeccanici, metalworkers' (o engineer's) strike.* * *[metalmek'kaniko] metalmeccanico -a, -ci, -che1. aggengineering attr2. sm/f* * *1. 2.* * *metalmeccanicopl. -ci, - che /metalmek'kaniko, t∫i, ke/[ industria] engineering attrib.(f. -a) (operaio) = factory worker in the engineering industry. -
14 eléctrico
adj.electric, electrical, power-driven, power-operated.* * *► adjetivo1 electric, electrical* * *(f. - eléctrica)adj.electric, electrical* * *ADJ electric, electricaleléctrica ELÉCTRICO ¿"Electric" o "electrical"? ► El adjetivo eléctrico se traduce por electric cuando nos referimos a un aparato en particular o a la luz eléctrica: Siempre duermo con una manta eléctrica I always sleep with an electric blanket ... una estufa eléctrica...... an electric heater... ... la invención de la luz eléctrica...... the invention of electric light... ► En cambio, si hablamos de aparatos eléctricos en general o de la electricidad generada por un organismo vivo, se traduce por electrical: ... aparatos eléctricos...... electrical appliances... ... componentes eléctricos...... electrical components... ... la actividad eléctrica en el cerebro...... electrical activity in the brain... Eso ha ocurrido a consecuencia de un fallo eléctrico That was caused by an electrical fault* * *- ca adjetivo <tren/motor/luz> electric; <instalación/aparato> electrical; < carga> electrical, electric* * *= electric, electrical, electrically-operated, electrically-powered.Ex. It was a dozen years later that the first central electric power station was built; a decade was to pass before the automobile was invented, and nearly three decades before the first airplane flew.Ex. One of the most obvious implications has been the electrical, mechanical and structural requirements imposed on library buildings.Ex. Attention has also been given to the needs of handicapped users by the provision of electrically-operated doors, invalid toilets and computer terminals with braille keyboards.Ex. Toy locomotives powered by clockwork were popular into the late 1930s, until electrically-powered models became more readily available.----* aparato eléctrico = electrical apparatus, power appliance.* aparatos eléctricos = electrical equipment, electrical appliances, appliances, household appliances.* aparatos eléctricos del hogar = home appliances, domestic appliances.* cable eléctrico = power cable, power line.* caja de registro eléctrico = wiring compartment.* calentador eléctrico = immersion heater.* cambiar la instalación eléctrica = rewire.* carga eléctrica = electrical charge.* central eléctrica = electric power station, power plant, powerhouse.* compañía eléctrica = power company.* componente eléctrico = electrical part.* contacto eléctrico = electric contact, electrical contact.* corriente eléctrica = electric current.* corte de la corriente eléctrica = power cut.* corte en el fluido eléctrico = power cut, power failure.* descarga eléctrica = electric shock, electrical discharge.* energía eléctrica = electric power, power.* fluido eléctrico = power.* generador de energía eléctrica = power generator, power unit, electrical generator.* generador eléctrico = power unit, electrical generator, power generator.* grupo eléctrico = power unit, electrical generator, power generator.* herramienta eléctrica = power tool.* hervidora eléctrica de agua = electric kettle.* impulso eléctrico = electrical impulse.* industria de la ingeniería eléctrica, la = electrical engineering industry, the.* ionización eléctrica = electrical ionisation.* manta eléctrica = electric blanket.* máquina de escribir eléctrica = electric typewriter.* motor eléctrico = electric motor.* no eléctrico = nonelectrical [non-electrical].* pieza eléctrica = electrical part.* plancha eléctrica = electric hotplate.* plancha eléctrica de cocinar = electric hotplate.* potencia eléctrica = power.* recambio eléctrico = electrical part.* red de suministro eléctrico = mains electricity.* red eléctrica = power grid, mains electricity.* red eléctrica, la = mains, the, mains supply, the.* sacudida eléctrica = electric shock.* seguridad contra corrientes eléctricas = electrical security.* señal eléctrica = electric signal.* silla de ruedas eléctrica = electric wheelchair.* silla eléctrica, la = electric chair, the.* sistema de conductos eléctricos = ducting system.* sistema eléctrico = electrical system.* suministro eléctrico por fases = phase supply.* toma eléctrica = electrical outlet.* tormenta eléctrica = thunderstorm, thunder storm.* utensilios eléctricos = electrical appliances, appliances.* * *- ca adjetivo <tren/motor/luz> electric; <instalación/aparato> electrical; < carga> electrical, electric* * *= electric, electrical, electrically-operated, electrically-powered.Ex: It was a dozen years later that the first central electric power station was built; a decade was to pass before the automobile was invented, and nearly three decades before the first airplane flew.
Ex: One of the most obvious implications has been the electrical, mechanical and structural requirements imposed on library buildings.Ex: Attention has also been given to the needs of handicapped users by the provision of electrically-operated doors, invalid toilets and computer terminals with braille keyboards.Ex: Toy locomotives powered by clockwork were popular into the late 1930s, until electrically-powered models became more readily available.* aparato eléctrico = electrical apparatus, power appliance.* aparatos eléctricos = electrical equipment, electrical appliances, appliances, household appliances.* aparatos eléctricos del hogar = home appliances, domestic appliances.* cable eléctrico = power cable, power line.* caja de registro eléctrico = wiring compartment.* calentador eléctrico = immersion heater.* cambiar la instalación eléctrica = rewire.* carga eléctrica = electrical charge.* central eléctrica = electric power station, power plant, powerhouse.* compañía eléctrica = power company.* componente eléctrico = electrical part.* contacto eléctrico = electric contact, electrical contact.* corriente eléctrica = electric current.* corte de la corriente eléctrica = power cut.* corte en el fluido eléctrico = power cut, power failure.* descarga eléctrica = electric shock, electrical discharge.* energía eléctrica = electric power, power.* fluido eléctrico = power.* generador de energía eléctrica = power generator, power unit, electrical generator.* generador eléctrico = power unit, electrical generator, power generator.* grupo eléctrico = power unit, electrical generator, power generator.* herramienta eléctrica = power tool.* hervidora eléctrica de agua = electric kettle.* impulso eléctrico = electrical impulse.* industria de la ingeniería eléctrica, la = electrical engineering industry, the.* ionización eléctrica = electrical ionisation.* manta eléctrica = electric blanket.* máquina de escribir eléctrica = electric typewriter.* motor eléctrico = electric motor.* no eléctrico = nonelectrical [non-electrical].* pieza eléctrica = electrical part.* plancha eléctrica = electric hotplate.* plancha eléctrica de cocinar = electric hotplate.* potencia eléctrica = power.* recambio eléctrico = electrical part.* red de suministro eléctrico = mains electricity.* red eléctrica = power grid, mains electricity.* red eléctrica, la = mains, the, mains supply, the.* sacudida eléctrica = electric shock.* seguridad contra corrientes eléctricas = electrical security.* señal eléctrica = electric signal.* silla de ruedas eléctrica = electric wheelchair.* silla eléctrica, la = electric chair, the.* sistema de conductos eléctricos = ducting system.* sistema eléctrico = electrical system.* suministro eléctrico por fases = phase supply.* toma eléctrica = electrical outlet.* tormenta eléctrica = thunderstorm, thunder storm.* utensilios eléctricos = electrical appliances, appliances.* * *eléctrico -ca‹tren/motor/corriente/luz› electric; ‹instalación/aparato› electrical; ‹carga› electrical, electric azul2 (↑ azul (2)), silla* * *
eléctrico◊ -ca adjetivo ‹tren/motor/luz› electric;
‹instalación/aparato› electrical;
‹ carga› electrical, electric
eléctrico,-a adjetivo electric
' eléctrico' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
aparato
- cable
- corte
- eléctrica
- elevalunas
- fluida
- fluido
- llave
- motor
- pera
- potencial
- tendida
- tendido
- torre
- batidor
- brasero
- colgar
- exprimidor
- piloto
- portero
- taladro
English:
agony
- bell
- electric
- electrical
- electrical equipment
- engine driver
- entry
- flex
- immersion
- intercom
- juicer
- line
* * *eléctrico, -a adj[corriente, luz, motor] electric; [energía] electric, electrical; [aparato, instalación] electrical;el sector eléctrico the electricity industry* * ** * *eléctrico, -ca adj: electric, electrical* * *eléctrico adj (aparatos, electrodomésticos) electricTambién existe electrical que se utiliza para hablar de la electricidad y la gente que trabaja con ella -
15 Maschinenbau
Maschinenbau m IND mechanical engineering* * *m < Ind> mechanical engineering* * *Maschinenbau
construction[al] (mechanical) engineering, (Industriezweig) engineering industry -
16 Maschinenbauerzeugnis
Maschinenbauerzeugnis
mechanical engineering product;
• Maschinenbaufirma mechanical engineering company, machine shop;
• Maschinenbauindustrie engineering (machinery manufacturing) industry;
• Maschinenbauingenieur construction[al] engineer;
• Maschinenbaukunde, Maschinenbauwesen mechanical engineering. -
17 Reichenbach, Georg Friedrich von
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering, Photography, film and optics, Public utilities[br]b. 24 August 1772 Durlach, Baden, Germanyd. 21 May 1826 Munich, Germany[br]German engineer.[br]While he was attending the Military School at Mannheim, Reichenbach drew attention to himself due to the mathematical instruments that he had designed. On the recommendation of Count Rumford in Munich, the Bavarian government financed a two-year stay in Britain so that Reichenbach could become acquainted with modern mechanical engineering. He returned to Mannheim in 1793, and during the Napoleonic Wars he was involved in the manufacture of arms. In Munich, where he was in the service of the Bavarian state from 1796, he started producing precision instruments in his own time. His basic invention was the design of a dividing machine for circles, produced at the end of the eighteenth century. The astronomic and geodetic instruments he produced excelled all the others for their precision. His telescopes in particular, being perfect in use and of solid construction, soon brought him an international reputation. They were manufactured at the MathematicMechanical Institute, which he had jointly founded with Joseph Utzschneider and Joseph Liebherr in 1804 and which became a renowned training establishment. The glasses and lenses were produced by Joseph Fraunhofer who joined the company in 1807.In the same year he was put in charge of the technical reorganization of the salt-works at Reichenhall. After he had finished the brine-transport line from Reichenhall to Traunstein in 1810, he started on the one from Berchtesgaden to Reichenhall which was an extremely difficult task because of the mountainous area that had to be crossed. As water was the only source of energy available he decided to use water-column engines for pumping the brine in the pipes of both lines. Such devices had been in use for pumping purposes in different mining areas since the middle of the eighteenth century. Reichenbach knew about the one constructed by Joseph Karl Hell in Slovakia, which in principle had just been a simple piston-pump driven by water which did not work satisfactorily. Instead he constructed a really effective double-action water-column engine; this was a short time after Richard Trevithick had constructed a similar machine in England. For the second line he improved the system and built a single-action pump. All the parts of it were made of metal, which made them easy to produce, and the pumps proved to be extremely reliable, working for over 100 years.At the official opening of the line in 1817 the Bavarian king rewarded him generously. He remained in the state's service, becoming head of the department for roads and waterways in 1820, and he contributed to the development of Bavarian industry as well as the public infrastructure in many ways as a result of his mechanical skill and his innovative engineering mind.[br]Further ReadingBauernfeind, "Georg von Reichenbach" Allgemeine deutsche Biographie 27:656–67 (a reliable nineteenth-century account).W.Dyck, 1912, Georg v. Reichenbach, Munich.K.Matschoss, 1941, Grosse Ingenieure, Munich and Berlin, 3rd edn. 121–32 (a concise description of his achievements in the development of optical instruments and engineering).WKBiographical history of technology > Reichenbach, Georg Friedrich von
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18 construction
construction [kɔ̃stʀyksjɔ̃]feminine nouna. ( = action) constructionb. [de phrase] structurec. ( = édifice, bâtiment) building* * *kɔ̃stʀyksjɔ̃1) gén building2) Économie ( secteur industriel)3) Industrie manufacture4) Politique, Linguistique, Mathématique construction5) ( élaboration) construction* * *kɔ̃stʀyksjɔ̃ nf1) [pont, immeuble] construction, buildingen construction (maisons, immeubles) — under construction
site en construction INTERNET — site under construction
2) (= immeuble) building* * *construction nf1 ( bâtiment) building; les constructions gâchent le paysage the buildings ruin the landscape;2 ( édification) building; encourager la construction de logements et de routes to promote the building of housing and roads; en (cours de) construction under construction; bâtiment de construction ancienne/récente old/recent building;3 Écon ( secteur industriel) la construction the construction industry; secteur de la construction construction sector; entreprise de construction construction company;4 Ind manufacture; construction de moteurs engine manufacture; de construction japonaise made in Japan; construction aéronautique aircraft manufacturing; construction automobile car manufacturing; construction électrique electrical engineering; construction ferroviaire railway construction; construction mécanique mechanical engineering; construction navale shipbuilding;5 Pol construction; construction européenne/du socialisme construction of Europe/of socialism;7 Psych reconstruction;8 ( élaboration) construction; une pure construction de l'esprit pure imagination.[kɔ̃stryksjɔ̃] nom fémininla construction de la tour a duré un an it took a year to build ou to erect the tower[entreprise]————————de construction locution adjectivale2. JEUX————————en construction locution adverbialela maison est encore en construction the house is still being built ou still under construction -
19 Maschinenabnutzung
Maschinenabnutzung
machine wear;
• Maschinenanlage machinery, power plant, set, [mechanical] equipment, (Schiff) engine room;
• in Betrieb befindliche Maschinenanlagen operative machinery;
• fest eingebaute Maschinenanlagen trade fixtures;
• Maschinenanlagenkonto machinery account;
• Maschinenarbeit machine work;
• Maschinenarbeiter machine attendant (operator);
• Maschinenausfallzeit machine-idle time;
• Maschinenausrüstung (Computer) [computer] hardware;
• Maschinen- und Betriebsausrüstung (Bilanz) machinery and equipment;
• Maschinenbau construction[al] (mechanical) engineering, (Industriezweig) engineering industry;
• Maschinenbau und Handwerksbetriebe engineering and craft industries;
• Maschinenbauer [mechanical] engineer, machine (machinery) builder. -
20 Sellers, William
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering[br]b. 19 September 1824 Upper Darby, Pennsylvania, USAd. 24 January 1905 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA[br]American mechanical engineer and inventor.[br]William Sellers was educated at a private school that had been established by his father and other relatives for their children, and at the age of 14 he was apprenticed for seven years to the machinist's trade with his uncle. At the end of his apprenticeship in 1845 he took charge of the machine shop of Fairbanks, Bancroft \& Co. in Providence, Rhode Island. In 1848 he established his own factory manufacturing machine tools and mill gearing in Philadelphia, where he was soon joined by Edward Bancroft, the firm becoming Bancroft \& Sellers. After Bancroft's death the name was changed in 1856 to William Sellers \& Co. and Sellers served as President until the end of his life. His machine tools were characterized by their robust construction and absence of decorative embellishments. In 1868 he formed the Edgemoor Iron Company, of which he was President. This company supplied the structural ironwork for the Centennial Exhibition buildings and much of the material for the Brooklyn Bridge. In 1873 he reorganized the William Butcher Steel Works, renaming it the Midvale Steel Company, and under his presidency it became a leader in the production of heavy ordnance. It was at the Midvale Steel Company that Frederick W. Taylor began, with the encouragement of Sellers, his experiments on cutting tools.In 1860 Sellers obtained the American rights of the patent for the Giffard injector for feeding steam boilers. He later invented his own improvements to the injector, which numbered among his many other patents, most of which related to machine tools. Probably Sellers's most important contribution to the engineering industry was his proposal for a system of screw threads made in 1864 and later adopted as the American national standard.Sellers was a founder member in 1880 of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and was also a member of many other learned societies in America and other countries, including, in Britain, the Institution of Mechanical Engineers and the Iron and Steel Institute.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsChevalier de la Légion d'honneur 1889. President, Franklin Institute 1864–7.Further ReadingJ.W.Roe, 1916, English and American Tool Builders, New Haven; reprinted 1926, New York, and 1987, Bradley, Ill. (describes Sellers's work on machine tools).Bruce Sinclair, 1969, "At the turn of a screw: William Sellers, the Franklin Institute, and a standard American thread", Technology and Culture 10:20–34 (describes his work on screw threads).RTS
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